Cowpens-Guilford Courthouse Campaign Refought: Battle of Camden

  January 1781

General Morgan invades South Carolina with his Light Troops.  He successfully linklinked up with Pickens' South Carolina brigade and  Sumter's brigade.

 Morgan decided to attack the British base at Camden.  Outnumbered but trusting in his better quality troops Lord Rawson matches out to attack him.

Morgan deployed his troops along the ridge line overlooking Camden .He placed his brigade of Light troops in the center.  Picken's brigade covered his right while Sumter's brigade covered his left.  All three commanders held their cavalry in reserve  the rifle armed troops covered each flank.

Advancing through a gap.in the woods Lord Rawdon advanced straight for Sumter's brigade.  He held his tiny cavalry force in reserve and led with the Volunteers of Ireland and New York Volunteers.  The Royal North Carolina Regiment and South Carolina Royalists followed behind  his loyalist militia covered his left flank.

The American Riflemen free first blood .They caused a couple hits to the Royal North Carolina Regiment who passed morale and continued their advance .But Picken's men fired a devastating round which caused six casualties among the militia.  They failed their morale test and routed off the board.

 Rawdon brought his cavalry into the field to cover his exposed get flank  , which caused Picken's riflemen to retire behind his infantry.  The Royal  North Carolina Regiment advanced into the woods to drive back the riflemen.  Matching forward the Volunteers of Ireland and New York Volunteers traded vollies with Sumter's militia.  The militia got The worse of it and both battalions failed their morale test and routed off the board taking Sumter's cavalry with them.  



at this point the game turned against the British.  Coffin's cavalry charged one of Picken's militia battalions who calmly shot it to pieces . As the cavalry routed off the table Picken's cavalry and rifles emerged from the woods and threatened the British left flank.  While one of his militia battalions engaged the South Carolina Royalists to their front the other battalion flanked them.  Morgan had  the Maryland Delaware Light battalion charge the New York volunteers.   The melee saw the Volunteers defeated  and fall back.  Tripplett's Virginians held the Volunteers of Ireland.

With his line crumbling Rawdon ordered the Royal North Carolina Regiment and the Volunteers to save themselves and dashed back to Camden to organize its defense.  Morgan, having destroyed a fine British  army and avenged last year's defeat at Camden retired to join up with Greene's army.  Although Tarleton and his legion  tried to intercept him he failed (poor die rolling)  and Morgan escaped  to fight another day.  

The American army won a decisive victory and were awarded 5 points. Cornwallis, infuriated with the result gathered his field force to chase down Morgan and Greene.

Cowpens - Guilford Courthouse Campaign Refought: British Order of Battle

British Southern Army:  December 1780 to March 1781

January 1781

Camden Brigade:
 Lt. Colonel Lord Rawdon
Royal North Carolina Regiment (30)
Volunteers of Ireland Regiment (30)
New York Volunteers Regiment (24)
South Carolina Royalist (24)
Coffin's Dragoons (6)
Camden District Loyalist Militia (30)
Royal Artillery (6 pdr)

Ninety-Six, South Carolina
Cruger's Loyalist Brigade:
Lieutenant Colonel John Harris Cruger
1st Bn/Delancey's (18)
3rd Bn/New Jersey Volunteers (24)
South Carolina Royalists (30)
Loyalist Artillery (6 pdr)
96th District South Carolina Loyalist Militia Brigade:
Brigadier Robert Cunningham
King's Long Cane Loyalist Militia (24)
Cunningham's Little River Loyalist Militia (24)
Stevens Creek Loyalist Militia (24)
Dunlap's Loyalist Dragoons (6)

British Legion: Lt. Colonel Banastre Tarelton
British Legion Dragoons
1st Squadron/British Legion Dragoons: (8)
2nd Squadron/British Legion Dragoons: (8)
3rd Squadron/British Legion Dragoons: (8)
British Legion Infantry (24)
British Legion Artillery (3-pdr)
 17th Light Dragoon (6)


February - March 1781
Cornwallis Field Force: Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis

Webster’s Brigade: Colonel James Webster
23rd Regiment of Foot. (30)
33rd Regiment of Foot. (30)

 Brigade of Guards: General Charles O'Hara
Guards Light Infantry Company (12)
Guards Grenadier Company (12)
1st Guards Battalion (30)
2nd Guards Battalion (30)

 Leslie's Brigade: Major General Leslie
1st Bn/71st Highland Regiment (24)
2nd Bn/71st Highland Regiment (24)
von Bose Regiment (Trumbach)  (30)

Unbrigaded:
British Light Infantry battalion (12)
 Jaeger company (9)
Royal North Carolina Regiment (24)
Royal Artillery ( 6-pdr & 3-per)

British Legion: Lt. Colonel Banastre Tarelton
British Legion Dragoons
1st Squadron/British Legion Dragoons: (8)
2nd Squadron/British Legion Dragoons: (8)
3rd Squadron/British Legion Dragoons: (8)
British Legion Infantry (24)
British Legion Artillery (3-pdr)
 17th Light Dragoon (6)

Cowpens - Guilford Courthouse Campaign Refought: American Order of Battle

   The following are the troops available, each month for the American commander.  Please note that the order of battle changes each month.  This is due to reinforcements arriving, and militia enlistment ending so they are going home.

 January 1781

Brigadier General Daniel Morgan 

Continental Light Brigade:
Lieutenant Colonel John Eager Howard
Maryland/Delaware Light Battalion (30)
Triplett’s Virginia Battalion (24)
Washington's Dragoons (10)

Pickens' South Carolina Militia Brigade:
Colonel Andrew Pickens
1st Spartan SC Militia Regt. (30)
2nd Spartan SC Militia Regt. (30)
McCall's State Dragoons (6)
Cunningham's Rifle Battalion (12)

Sumter's South Carolina Brigade:
BG Thomas Sumter
1st Militia battalion  (24)
2nd Militia battalion (24)
Hampton's South Carolina State Dragoons (6)

-------------------------------------------------------------------

February 1781

American Southern Army: 
Major General Nathaniel Greene 

Singleton's Continental Artillery (2 guns and crew)

Continental Light Brigade:
Lieutenant Colonel John Eager Howard
Maryland/Delaware Light Battalion (30)
Militia battalion (24)
Rifle Battalion (12)

Virginia Continental Brigade (Brigadier-General Isaac Huger)
1st Virginia Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel John Green) (30)

Maryland Continental Brigade (Colonel Otho Williams).
1st Maryland  battalion (Colonel John Gunby) (30)
2nd Maryland battalion (Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Ford) (30)

Washington's Dragoons (10)

Lee's Legion (brigade)
Lee's Legion Dragoons (12)
Lee's Legion Infantry (12) 

Stevens' Virginia Militia Brigade:
Stevens' Virginia Militia (24)

North Carolina Militia Brigade:
Brigadier General William Davidson
William's Surrey County, North Carolina Militia Battalion (24)
Polk's Mecklenburg Militia Battalion (24)
Locke's Rowan County, N.C. Militia Battalion (24)
Graham's Mecklenburg County, N.C. Dragoons (6)
McDowell's North Carolina Riflemen (12)
Winston's North Carolina Riflemen  (12)

Pickens' South Carolina Militia Brigade:
Colonel Andrew Pickens
1st Spartan SC Militia Regt. (30)
2nd Spartan SC Militia Regt. (30)
McCall's State Dragoons (6)
Cunningham's Rifle Battalion (12)

---------------------------------------------------------

March 1781

American Southern Army: 
Major General Nathaniel Greene 

Singleton's Continental Artillery (2 guns and crew)

Virginia Continental Brigade:
Brigadier-General Isaac Huger
1st Virginia Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel John Green) (30)
2nd Virginia Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hawes) (30)

Maryland Continental Brigade:
Colonel Otho Williams
1st Maryland Regiment (Colonel John Gunby) (30)
2nd Maryland Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Ford) (30)

Virginia Militia Brigade:
Brigadier-General Edward Stevens
Moffitt 's and McDowell 's militia battalion (30)
Perkins and Cocke's Militia battalions (30)

Virginia Militia Brigade:
 Brigadier-General Robert Lawson
 Munford's militia battalion (30)
Holcombe's and Randolph's militia battalion (30)

North Carolina Militia Brigade:
Brigadier-General John Butler
Butler's Militia battalion (30)

North Carolina Militia Brigade:
Brigadier-General Thomas  Eaton
Linton's militia battalion (30)
William's militia battalion (30)

Rifle Regiments
 Colonel William Campbell (12)
 Colonel Charles Lynch (12)

Light Dragoons and Partisan Corps:
Col. William Washington
Delaware Light company (12)
William Washington’s Light Dragoons: (10)

Lee's Legion (brigade)
Lee's Legion Dragoons (12)
Lee's Legion Infantry (12) 

Continental Artillery (two 2-gun sections)

Cowpens -Guilford Courthouse Campaign Refought

   In his introduction to the article "Campaigning without Maps" Steve Haller wrote, "War gamers who enjoy the variety that acampaign offers for the use of their collections are often discouraged by the time and clutter involved when maps are used.  An alternative method might employ the use of an scenario based on a historical campaign (complete with OB's, etc) which allows elements of choice and chance to determine the nature of each battle of the campaign.  Each battle is assigned a number of points that are awarded based on the results of the Battle (e.g. comparison of casualty ratios). "   To me this has always been a fascinating idea which I wanted to try out.  Taking his article I have slightly modified it by changing some of the options for battles and created my own order of battles based on historical returns.  But the spirit of the campaign remained what Steve wrote way back in the early 1980's.  Here is my outline and rules for the Cowpens -Guilford Courthouse Campaign.  The campaign order of battle including militia desertion (i.e. going home) and reinforcements will be in the next post  as will a outline of the rules used and my interpretation.  Stay tuned!

Campaign Guide Lines:
1.  Rules used are Fife and Drum miniatures AWI rules.    House rules and interpretation by game master.

2. Figure scale is 10:1 although historical order of battle have been consulted some regiments have been consolidated  and regimental strengths rounded up or down to provide better playability.

3. Terrain to be based on historical battles in the area.

4. After each battle 25% of casualties will be returned to each unit.  One month after that battle all American units (including loyalists) receive an additional 25% returned.  Two months after battle British and Hessian units receive back 25% casualties.  Units that drop to under 20% of their original strength after a battle are eliminated.

5. Staff Officers return after battle if roll a 4-6 on a D6.

6.  Players should be familiar with the historical campaign.

THE CAMPAIGN:
1. January 1781
General Morgan invades South Carolina with his Light Troops.  He can successfully link up with Pickens' South Carolina brigade by rolling 1-4 on a D6;  Sumter's brigade will join on a roll of 1-3.

Morgan now has three options:

1.  Fight Cowpens as the historical battle with historical order of battle.

2.  Attack Camden.  The garrison under Rawden will march out to fight him at the Hobkirk Hill area.  After that battle Tarleton will try to intercept Morgan by rolling a 1-3 for an encounter battle.

3. Attack the Fort Ninety-Six garrison. A defense will be set up by Cruger  outside of the fort.   The garrison can be reinforced during the battle by Tarleton by rolling 1-4 on a turn determined by a die roll.

2. February 1781
Cornwallis' chase Greene's and Morgan's forces through North Carolina.  The following battles are possible and determined by a die roll:

1. Cowen's Ford will be defended by Davidson's militia brigade as the historical battle by rolling 1-4.  Greene can detach elements of the Continental Light Division to assist on a turn determined by a die roll.

2.  A meeting engagement on random terrain involving all units if a 5-6 is rolled.

March 1781
Greene's reinforced army turns to fight Cornwallis army.
1. Guilford Courthouse as the historical battle by rolling 1-4.
2. Greene attacks Cornwallis army at Guilford Courthouse by rolling 5-6.

Norbert Sissell RIP

I have not been updating my blog as of late. This is because I am still in shock, and morning. One does not usually feel this way for a boss. But Norbert was anything but a typical boss. He died suddenly and unexpectedly on Friday 15 January and his memorial service was on Friday 22 January. But struggled as I have it has taken me this long to write this. People sometimes say that they would take a bullet for some one, or they would go to hell and back for someone. Norbert was that type of person. Norbert's title was director of Airport Operations for JetBlue airlines at Logan Airport, Boston Massachusetts. He has had that job since 2013. He has overseen JetBlue grow from about 40 flights a day to now over 180 flights. They are now the number one airline at Logan in terms of flights daily. He has also seen their expansion to Worcester Massachusetts. But to us who worked for him he was much more. I am sure he was busy in the board room and behind the scenes. But each day he could be seen on the front lines checking up and making sure all was well. No matter who you were Norbert knew your name and something about you. And he spoke to everyone the same way. No matter who you were; lowly boots on the tarmac ground operations or vice president of operations. If something's bothering you he would invite you to his office to talk about it. And if you did not show up he would come to you to find out if you were ok. During holidays like Christmas or Thanksgiving he would make sure each employee on every shift got a home cooked meal. He would be there, either cooking or if catered passing out food. I heard someone ask him once when he got to eat. After all my workers have had their food he said. At busy airports planes come in early, or unexpectedly. And ground operations have to move it to bring them in. One time we had just come into the break room when we told to run out to gate 33 and bring a plane in. As we came out who do we see running to join us but Norbert. He was pulling on a safety vest and yelled out for someone to throw him a set of wands so he could wing walk. After that he stayed and helped us down load the bags. He later thanked all of us and said he knew personally what a pain it was to bring in a aircraft you were not ready for when you should be on break. Couple years later I had transferred from Logan to Worcester. Janine and I were flying out of Boston. Flying standby is always exciting as you wait to see if there are any empty seats for you. I introduced myself to the gate agent and said I was flying standby on this flight and wanted to let them know I was here. She did not look up from the computer and told me to sit down and she would call me when ready. At this moment I heard a booming voice calling out my name. I turned around and Norbert came up and gave be a bear hug. We all miss you since you left he said. Janine later told me the gate agents eyes bugged out. After Norbert left the gate agent came up to me and apologized and gave me my boarding passes. (Lesson learned, always treat everyone with respect when at the gate). At the memorial service the funeral home was pack with people who came to pay their respects. There was a line of people out the door and around the corner. We arrived at 4:00 and did not get inside until 6:30. When we left an hour later the line was still around the corner. Boston hired two large buses to bring crew members out who had just finished their shifts so they could say good bye. That was the kind of person Norbert was. I am lucky to have known him.

Bird's Eye View Battle Maps

Battle of Bladensburg.

   Back when I was younger (1970's) one of my favorite books was the National Geographic History of the American Revolution.  It was not the text that grabbed me.  It was a quiant series about a family visiting battle fields at the correct  time of year as a fun family outing.  Something about the father in a coat and tie  struck me as off.  No it was the wonderful battle maps that still to this day hold my fascination.  These were bird eye views of the battlefield with soldiers fighting it out.  Incredibly detailed, they made the complicated actions understandable. They also made me run  to the local hobby story to buy boxes of Airfix soldiers and try and fight out these encounters.  These were one of the things which set me on my life long hobby of miniature  wargaming.

Since then I have wondered who  the artist was who did these works of art.  I also stumbled on similar works but with slightly different techniques.  Thankfully the internet has come to my assistance and I finally have some answers;  and evan more questions.  Here are the four artists who's battle maps have fascinated and inspired me.  In addition I will include blog and internet addresses of my sources so you know where I came about this information and who came up with this research.  It is important to give credit to those who did the work.

Bunker Hill

Richard Schlecht
   It was the work of Richard Schleht which first inspired me.  His original works appeared in the National Geographic book.  I still have the book.  Richard is still working and some of his art (including battle maps) can be found in the War of 1812 book,  "In Full Glory Reflected."

Breed's Hill redoubt

Fighting along the rail fence

Charlestown burning.

Fighting in Barber's Wheatfield
 2nd Saratoga.

Balcarries Redoubt.

Breymann Redoubt.

Arnold at the Redoubt.

Battle of North Point.

   As an aside back when I worked for the National Park Service I did a research project for National Geographic.  They were happy with my work, but I had to decline the check they offered me for my work due to ethics laws.  Instead, they sent me as a present (which I could acept) a 8 x 10 copy of Richard Schlecht 's battle maps from the book.  These sit by my painting table.

Battle of Trenton.

American Artillery at Trenton

   More on Richard Schlecht and his life can be seen at  http://bdeemer.com/content/innercontent.php?id=27&bio=1

David Greenspan
   If you are a American Civil War buff you have seen David Greenspan 's battle maps. They were originally published by American Heritage in a general history written by Bruce Cantton.   These maps have been reprinted in a new book.  I have found little information about David Greenspan except that he died at a very early age. While most of his works are of American Civil War battkes, I have seen a few details of American Rev War works in the internet.  If anyone has more information about these, or know where the entire picture can be see please let me know.

A detail from his Battle of Saratoga.

For more information please see:
https://thehistoriansmanifesto.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/the-civil-war-maps-of-david-greenspan/

http://ilkleyoldschool.blogspot.com/2014/10/battle-maps.html
http://altefritz.blogspot.com/2018/04/the-best-maps-for-wargamers-ever.htm

Brian Kammerer
   Is a new artist who I think has taken the art to a new level. His works are only concerned with the American Civil War.  But he has improved on the art of his predecessors.  His work is brilliant.  He has done various stages of battles rather then the entire action at one go.  I can only hope that some day he can be persuaded to branch out to the American Rev War or War of 1812.
Please visit his web site at;
http://cwbattlemapart.com/CW-BMA-HomePage.html

Gerald Embelton
   Did the excellent battle map that serves as a header to this article.  It appears to be a one off and was done for the National Park Service.  If he has done more please let me know.


   So there you have it. All I have pulled together concerning this usual art.  Should anyone out there have any information or facts I have missed please write to me!  I hope you have enjoyed this trip down memory lane for me.

Goals for 2019

I know that this is usually done on New Year's Eve.  You review the past year and set goals for the coming year.  But due to the holiday and the extra work load (major time for airlines) I could not get anything done. So here it is, my goals and projects for 2019.

Let me start by saying the painting machine which was 2017 and 2018 will not be repeated. Not that any of my armies are completed (are armies ever done?) But just that I have enough miniature soldiers to fight out most of the battles I am interested in.  And that is my first goal of the year. To fight more table top battles and paint less.  Not to say no painting. I would like to add a few special regiments. And some civilians to populate my table.  But no more massive projects like my 1776 Americans.

If there is one area I am deficient in it is terrain.  I have the basics.  I need to add additional roads, rivers and trees.  Lots of trees. trees for summer, winter and fall.  Most of my battles take place in areas where there were extensive woods.  I  would like to add some more fences.  I have a good amount of split rail fences.  I would like post and beam a
 Fences as well as stone walls.  A few picket fences would be nice around houses.  As I am looking to do some winter battles I would need a winter table cloth.  And a blue one with hexes for naval battles too. Last some ridges and hills.

 Lastly, houses.  And lots of them. and different types of houses.  To do  the Battles of Trenton I need to have a good size town on the table.  Somehow, four or five houses do not look right.  You want it to look like this bird's eye map of the battle.   I started paper buildings last year and will be adding to them this year.

For table top battles I have a lot planned. As mentioned both battles of Trenton as well as Princeton are planned. Special terrain is needed so these will be a long term project working on them. I think it would be great fun to hold a day after Christmas battle of Trenton!

For the American Rev War I am planning a  map campaign of the Cowpens - Guilford Courthouse campaign.  This would be a pen and paper campaign where commanders are given a series of options for battles.  Casualties would carry over. Steve Haller wrote this up in a issue of the Courier magazine years ago and I have always wanted to fight it.  In addition I would like to  fight many of the 1776 battle around New York city. These include Harlem Heights, Pelham Mannor and White Plains.  The last would be special for me as it was the very first battle reenactment I took part in back in 1972.

For the War of 1812 I am looking forward to fighting Lundy's Lane. This will entail a great number of house rules for the battle as it took place at dusk and lasted past midnight.  In addition I have a number of games based around other battles along the Niagara frontier including Cooks Mill and a "what if" battle of Saint David.  I have enjoyed fighting disguised scenarios in the past. These included fighting the Rev War battle of Cowpens with Crimean troops as well as with War of 1812.  I plan on fighting a couple more Rev War battles with 1812 regiments.

For the Crimean I would just like to get my soldiers in the table top more. Due to the small number of battles these will be more of a "what if" type of affair.  The Alma most definitely.  And "what if" the Guards brigade and 4th division try and retake the Turkish recounts at Balaclava.

Finaly, a grand review of my collection of soldiers. That once a year stock taking of what you have.  Perhaps a photo essay of each army by brigade? That would be fun!

 So please stay tuned. As you can see there is more to come.